Guided Transmission Media

It is likewise alluded to as Wired or Bounded transmission media. Signals being sent are coordinated and restricted in a tight pathway by utilizing actual connections.

It comprises 2 independently protected transmitter wires twisted about one another. For the most part, a few such coordinates are packaged in a defensive sheath. They are the most generally utilized Transmission Media. Wound Pair is of two kinds:

transmission media Coaxial Cable

It has an external plastic covering containing a protection layer made of PVC or Teflon and 2 equal guides each having a different protected insurance cover. The coaxial link communicates data in two modes: Baseband mode(dedicated link transmission capacity) and Broadband mode(cable transfer speed is parted into discrete reaches). Link TVs and simple telecom companies broadly utilize Coaxial links.

Transmission media Optical Fiber Cable

It utilizes the idea of the impression of light through a center comprised of glass or plastic. The center is encircled by a less thick glass or plastic covering called cladding. It is utilized for the transmission of enormous volumes of information.

Transmission Media Stripline

Stripline is a cross over electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line medium developed by Robert M. Barrett of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center during the 1950s. Stripline is the earliest type of the planar transmission line. It utilizes a directing material to send high-recurrence waves it is likewise called a waveguide. This directing material is sandwiched between two layers of the ground plane which are typically shorted to give EMI invulnerability.

what is Unguided Media

It is additionally alluded to as Wireless or Unbounded transmission media. No actual medium is expected for the transmission of electromagnetic signs.

Unguided Media Radio waves

These are not difficult to produce and can infiltrate through structures. The sending and getting recieving wires need not be adjusted. Recurrence Range:3KHz - 1GHz. AM and FM radios and cordless telephones utilize Radio waves for transmission.

Unguided Media Microwaves

It is a view transmission for example the sending and getting radio wires should be appropriately lined up with one another. The distance covered by the sign is straightforwardly relative to the level of the receiving wire. Recurrence Range:1GHz - 300GHz. These are significantly utilized for cell phone correspondence and TV distribution.

Unguided Media Infrared

Infrared waves are utilized for extremely brief distance correspondence. They can't enter through snags. This forestalls impedance between frameworks. Recurrence Range:300GHz - 400THz. It is utilized in TV controllers, remote mouse, consoles, printers, and so forth.

Exploring Transmission Media in Computer Networks

Q: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

UTP comprises two protected copper wires wound around each other. This kind of link can obstruct impedance and doesn't rely upon an actual safeguard for this reason. It is utilized for telephonic applications.

QuantumO0O

12 May, 2022

Transmission media is a crucial aspect of data communication technology, as it refers to the physical path through which information is transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver. There are various types of transmission media available, each with its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. In this blog post, we will discuss the different types of transmission media and their uses in detail.

Guided Media

Guided media, also known as wired or bounded transmission media, refers to the use of physical pathways or connections to transmit signals. This type of transmission medium is characterized by its high speed and secure nature, and is typically used for shorter distances.

Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted pair cable is the most commonly used transmission medium and consists of two insulated copper wires that are twisted together. They are often packaged in a protective sheath. There are two types of twisted pair cable:

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is a type of cable that is commonly used in networking and telecommunications. It consists of two or more unshielded wires that are twisted together in order to reduce interference (EMI) and crosstalk. UTP cables are typically made of copper and can be used to transmit data, voice, and video signals. They are also commonly used in Ethernet networks and are available in different categories (such as CAT5 and CAT6) that determine their performance characteristics.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) is a type of cable that is similar to Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), but with an additional layer of shielding around the individual wire pairs to provide additional protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk. The shielding is typically made of a metallic material such as aluminum or copper, and can be braided or foil-based. STP cables are commonly used in industrial and commercial environments, where there is a high level of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference with signals transmitted over UTP cables. They are less commonly used in residential or home networks.

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable, also known as coax, is a type of cable that consists of an inner conductor, a dielectric insulation layer, a metallic shield, and an outer protective jacket. The inner conductor and the shield are both typically made of copper, and the shield is typically connected to ground. The insulation layer separates the inner conductor from the shield, and helps to prevent interference from external sources. Coaxial cable is commonly used in a variety of applications, including cable television, internet, and radio frequency (RF) transmission.

It is also used in networking, to connect modems and routers and also in CCTV systems and other places where signals need to be transmitted over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality.

Optical Fiber Cable

Optical fiber cable is a type of cable that uses thin strands of glass or plastic to transmit data as light. The core of the fiber is made of a highly transparent material, such as silica, that allows light to travel through it with minimal loss of signal strength. Surrounding the core is a cladding layer, made of a material with a lower refractive index, that helps to keep the light in the core and prevent it from leaking out. The fiber is then encased in a protective jacket to protect it from damage.

Optical fiber cables have much higher bandwidth capacity compared to copper cables. This makes them well suited for high-speed data transmission over long distances, such as in telecommunications and internet networks. They are also immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can transmit data over much longer distances without the need for repeaters. They are widely used in data centers, long-distance communication networks and in other places where the high-speed data transfer is needed.

Stripline

Stripline is a type of transmission line used in electronic circuits for the transmission of microwave signals. It consists of a strip of metal conductor, typically copper, that is sandwiched between two layers of dielectric material, usually a plastic or ceramic. The dielectric material is used to insulate the conductor from the surrounding environment and to provide a stable, predictable electrical environment for the signal.

Stripline is similar to microstrip, another type of transmission line, but with the conductor placed between the dielectric layers, rather than on top of them. This configuration provides better shielding against external electromagnetic interference (EMI) and has less loss in signal transmission. Stripline is commonly used in microwave circuits, high-frequency amplifiers, and other applications where high-frequency signals need to be transmitted with minimal loss and interference.

Microstripline

Microstrip, also known as microstripline, is a type of transmission line used in electronic circuits for the transmission of microwave signals. It consists of a thin strip of metal conductor, typically copper, that is located on the surface of a dielectric substrate, usually a plastic or ceramic. The dielectric material is used to insulate the conductor from the surrounding environment and to provide a stable, predictable electrical environment for the signal.

Unguided Media

Unguided media, also known as wireless or unbound transmission media, refers to the transmission of electromagnetic signals without the use of a physical medium. Examples include radio waves, infrared, and microwave transmissions.

Radio Waves

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that can be used to transmit information over long distances. They are used in a variety of communication systems, including television, radio, cellular networks, and wireless networks. The transmission media used for radio waves can include:

Free Space: This is the transmission of radio waves through the atmosphere or open space. It is used in satellite communications and wireless networks, as well as in some forms of television and radio broadcasting.

Skywave Propagation: This is the transmission of radio waves through the ionosphere. It is used in high-frequency and very high-frequency radio broadcasting, as well as in some forms of maritime and aeronautical communications.

Infrared

Infrared (IR) transmission media refers to the use of infrared light waves to transmit data or signals over a distance. These signals are typically transmitted using infrared devices such as infrared diodes or LEDs, and are received by infrared-sensitive devices such as photodiodes or sensors.

Infrared transmission is a type of wireless communication and can be used in a variety of applications such as remote control, wireless networking, and telecommunications. It has a limited range compared to radio waves and other types of wireless communication, typically on the order of a few meters, but can be useful in situations where a direct line of sight is possible between the transmitter and receiver.

Infrared transmission can also be used in industrial and medical applications for data transfer, such as in barcode scanners and medical equipment.

Microwave

Microwave waves are electromagnetic waves that have a frequency range just above that of infrared waves. They are often used for long-range wireless communication, such as satellite communication and point-to-point microwave links.

Cellular Communication

Cellular communication is a type of wireless communication that uses a network of cell sites to provide coverage over a large geographic area. Each cell site covers a small area, and as the user moves from one area to another, the call is handed off to the next cell site to ensure continuous communication.

Satellite Communication

Satellite communication is a type of wireless communication that uses a network of satellites to provide coverage over a large geographic area. The user's device communicates with a satellite, which then relays the signal to a ground station for processing and routing. This type of communication is often used for long-distance or remote area communication.

In conclusion, the choice of transmission medium will depend on the specific needs and requirements of the application, such as distance, bandwidth, security, and cost. Guided media such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable are suitable for shorter distances and provide secure and high-speed communication. On the other hand, unguided media such as radio waves, infrared, and microwave transmissions are suitable for longer distances and provide wireless communication.

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Exploring Transmission Media in Computer Networks